This chapter explores the intricate relationship between religion and nationalism in Israel, focusing on the institutional, legal, and societal roles of religion in the formation of Israeli society. Through historical analysis from the British Mandate era to contemporary legislation, it demonstrates how religion serves as both an external and internal gatekeeper for Jewish Israeli collective identity while marginalizing Palestinians. The chapter identifies five pivotal moments: the establishment of the Chief Rabbinate (1921), the Status Quo Letter (1947), the creation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Interior, early legislation including the Law of Return and Absentees’ Property Law (1950), and recent laws such as the Nakba Law (2011) and Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People (2018). The chapter reveals that Judaism operates as a hegemonic religion, serving national purposes for Jewish Israelis, while Islam is reframed as a tool for depoliticizing and denationalizing Israeli Palestinian citizens. This dual epistemological formation creates a Gordian knot between religion, nationalism, and citizenship, establishing Israel as a unique case where national and colonial framings of religion merge under the same institutional framework, ultimately maintaining Jewish supremacy and Palestinian exclusion from full civic participation.
This chapter explores the role of religion in nation-building processes, focusing on Ireland and Turkey. It argues that religion serves as a foundational characteristic for national identity, providing institutional networks, popular identity concepts, and antagonistic relationships with religious out-groups. Through a comparative analysis, the chapter demonstrates how early religious emphasis offers scaffolding for nation-building, particularly under conditions of high religiosity and significant religious diversity. The analysis employs a genealogical approach, examining critical junctures where nationalists negotiate between different visions of the nation, incorporating religious symbols to mobilize mass support. The chapter combines elite nationalist rhetoric with grassroots exploration of religion and politics, revealing the complexity of nation-building processes. It highlights the intersection of religious and nationalist ideas, showing how religion defines national boundaries and serves as a symbolic reservoir. The findings underscore the importance of engaging with religion as a central factor in understanding modern nations, challenging stereotypes of religious nationalism. By examining how religious scaffolding is developed, the chapter provides deeper insights into nationalist movements and their impact on national identity.
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"He's an Anti-Zionist Too!" cartoon book (December 2024) PROTOCOLS: Exposing Modern Antisemitism (February 2022) |
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