ABSTRACTThis article examines the sea as a literal and metaphorical emblem of Palestinian trauma and the imperative not to forget the individual and collective memories of flight and homelessness in the works of two Palestinian writers, Ghassan Kanafani and Mahmoud Darwish. As eyewitnesses to cataclysmic events, including the Nakba or the 1948 Catastrophe of the Palestinians’ expulsion, Kanafani and Darwish repeatedly represent the sea as a port of entry for European Jewish settlers of the Palestinian land and a port of deportation for Palestinians, rendering this symbolism a site of mourning, death, departure and identity formation. Kanafani and Darwish creatively respond to the occupation of their homeland by hammering home the bleak reality of settler colonialism. They associate the sea with the Palestinians’ ongoing trauma of expulsion and flight—a dissident memory that, while traumatic, preserves the Palestinian right to resist, exist, and return to their homeland.
It is quite untrue to suggest that we have let the Arabs down or failed in any obligations towards them. We did not urge them to intervene by force in Palestine, nor did we promise them support if they did so. They went in of their own accord, in most cases without telling us beforehand. Very small measure of military successes which they achieved shows that their forces, while capable perhaps of occupying friendly territory, were not prepared for and incapable of undertaking major military operations, which would have been necessary to achieve the announced object of the Arab states, namely to drive the Jews into the sea.
And this rhetoric didn't end in 1948 - here is an Egyptian propaganda poster from 1967 literally called "Throw the Jews Into the Sea:"
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"He's an Anti-Zionist Too!" cartoon book (December 2024) PROTOCOLS: Exposing Modern Antisemitism (February 2022) |
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Elder of Ziyon











